Durum wheat genome

Welcome to the durum wheat genome (cv. Svevo)

GENOME DATA
Svevo genome data has been submitted to the the following public repositories;

PRJEBI-ENA (study PRJEB22687)EB22687: svevo genome and gene model
SRA (accessions SRP149116): RNA-Seq and miRNA datasets
figshare (doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.6984035): annotation files (GFF3 and VCF);
GrainGenes: svevo genome, gene model, SNP and QTL data and passport information of the GTC

DURUM WHEAT GENOME
Durum wheat with a total production of about 35 million tons is the 10th most important crops worldwide. It is an integral component of the Mediterranean diet and one of the historical foods that followed the birth of civilization, likely to be one of the first domesticated crops in the Fertile Crescent. Durum is a tetraploid wheat with a genome of about 12 Gb, domesticated from wild emmer in the Fertile Crescent about 10,000 years ago. Further, it is an integral component of the Mediterranean diet and it is the historical food that followed the birth of civilization in the Fertile Crescent. From here it expanded to Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas, and it is today cultivated across the globe. The domestication process and the subsequent breeding activity have selected the modern durum wheat fixing the typical domestication traits (e.g. brittle rachis, naked seeds and threshability), agronomic traits (e.g. short straw and disease resistances) as well as specific pasta quality traits (grain hardness, pigment content, protein content).

An international consortium has generated a high quality reference sequence of the modern durum wheat cultivar Svevo. Whole genome libraries were sequenced with Illumina short paired-end (2 x 250 bp) and long mate pair (up to 8-10 kb) protocols and the reads were assembly with the NR-Gene DeNovoMAGICTM pipeline. In total, a 270x coverage was obtained, and the reads were assembled into 10.5 Gb of sequence with an L50 and L90 length of 6 and 1 Mb, respectively (N50: 493; N90: 2019). The assembly scaffolds have been anchored to a high-density genetic map based on Svevo × Zavitan RIL population and merged into super-scaffolds using Hi-C data; 95% of the scaffolds have been anchored along the chromosomes and 90% oriented.

PUBLICATION

Durum wheat genome highlights past domestication signatures and future improvement targets. Nature Genetics 51, 885–895 (2019) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0381-3

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